The Fish Foundation

Effects of Processing

Fish Oils

 

Home Up Site Map Nutrition Aspects References

This section deals with the  way in which the nutrients supplied by seafoods can vary with the type of processing used.

Effect of Processing

In general,  processing does not have a major impact on the macronutrient content of bony fish. Dehydration potentially can have the biggest effect, by removing water, but this is not practised commercially to any great extent in the UK. Smoking of fish is in effect a partial dehydration exercise, as is the brining which usually accompanies it. Both can result in a partial removal of moisture, with consequent increases in the proportions of the macronutrients. Lack of care (resulting in excessive temperatures) in smoking can cause loss of lipid from herring, mackerel and salmon. The table below shows the impact of processing on the macronutrient content of  of certain fish.  

 

Type of Fish

(100g as eaten)

Water

g

Protein

g

Lipid

g

Energy

kcal

Energy

kJ

Haddock (steamed)

78.3

20.9

0.6

89

378

Smoked Haddock

71.6

23.3

0.9

101

429

Herring (grilled)

63.9

20.1

11.2

181

756

Kipper

61.2

17.5

17.7

229

952

Mackerel(grilled)

58.6

20.8

17.3

239

994

Mackerel (smoked)

47.1

18.9

30.9

354

1465

Salmon(steamed)

64.5

21.8

11.9

194

812

Salmon (smoked)

64.9

25.4

4.5

142

598

Tuna(raw, fresh or frozen)

70.6

23.7

4.6

136

573

Tuna (canned in brine)

74.6

23.5

0.6

99

422

Source: Holland, B., Brown, J., & Buss, D.H., 1993. Fish and Fish Products; the third supplement to McCance & Widdowson’s The Composition of Foods (5th Edition), HMSO, London.

Canning and freezing do not in and of themselves have much impact on macronutrient content. Tuna is the major exception to this. Since it is a physically large fish, it is customarily cooked before being packed in the can for final processing. During this initial cooking process, some lipid is lost. A more important loss of lipid occurs when the lighter coloured (low lipid) meat is selectively used for canning. This is done for reasons of consumer preference, since the high lipid dark meat has a deep brown-red colour, which is deemed unacceptable to consumers. The parts of the carcass used for producing smoked salmon have a lower inherent lipid level than the carcass as a whole, and so the product has a lower lipid content than whole salmon, in spite of having lost some water in the smoking process. Since salmon are only fairly lightly smoked, the loss of moisture is not great.

Home Up Site Map Nutrition Aspects References